Automotive + Cellular = Connected Car

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Automotive + Cellular = Connected Car

Table of Contents:


Chapter 1: Review & Warming Up


  • Definition and Technologies 2G to 5G: 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G
  • 2G to 5G and their most important Characteristics: Services, Technology, Network Architecture
  • Use Cases of Cellular in the Automotive Environment: Remote Maintenance, Remote Surveillance, Remote Vehicle Control, V2X & eV2X, eCall
  • Network Architecture: 2G circuit-switched and packet-switched, 3G, 4G and 5G, 5G option 3x (NSA) and option 2 (SA)
  • The Peer inside the Car: TCU, CAN-bus, CAN-bus controller, eSIM, GNSS
  • Hardware Options for the TCU: LTE-categories, 5G NR capabilities, NB-IoT, LTE-M, RedCap-devices and eRedCap-devices
  • Identification of the Mobile Station / User Equipment: IMSI, IMEI, TMSI, GUTI
  • Identification of the Network: PLMN / MCC/MNC, CGI, PCI
  • Other Involved Entities: Fleet Management System (FMS), Connectivity Management Platform (CMP) and MNO (Mobile Network Operator)

Chapter 2: Basic Cellular Operation


  • Power On: PLMN Selection: Initiation through SIM, PLMN-prioritization, RPLMN, VLPMN, HPLMN, equivalent HPLMN, interworking between upper layers and RR-layer in the UE / TCU.
  • Procedures in the Radio Link Layers: Cell Selection, Cell Reselection, Handover, Measurement Reporting, Power Control
  • NAS-Procedures: Attachment/Registration, (Mutual) Authentication in 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G, Secret parameter Ki, used algorithms, e.g. A3 and A8, how to obtain an IP-address (PDP-context activation, PDU-Session Establishment), presentation and introduction to important AT-commands to configure and trigger these procedures
  • Typical Problems: (1) How to interpret TCU-logfiles to obtain status information (e.g. does the TCU possess an IP-address), (2) IP-address is private => NAT-issues
  • IMS-related Procedures: The UE’s Path to Packet-Switched Calls through the IMS, Registration, Session Setup and Control through the IMS: SIP & SDP,Codec Negotiation through SDP
  • Other Procedures worth knowing: CSFB (Circuit-Switched FallBack), SRVCC (Single Radio Voice Call Continuity), types of SRVCC

Chapter 3: SIM-Evolution & eSIM-Handling


  • SIM & SIM-profile: UICC and eUICC, (U)SIM-profile, profile identity, ISIM-profile
  • GSMA => Generic-eUICC-Test-Profile: Content, structure, encoding and decoding with examples
  • SIM-Evolution: traditional with FF1 – FF4, eSIM with MFF2, iSIM and soft SIM, mixed configuration SIM <=> eSIM
  • eSIM Handling: Consumer Solution vs M2M (UI- and NW-constrained), Provisioning, handling of SIM-profiles on eSIM’s
  • eSIM-Profile Handling for M2M (SGP.02): Entities and their tasks and functions => CI, SM-DP, SM-SR, MNO, eUICC, how to trigger and execute an eSIM-profile switch
  • eSIM-Profile Handling for M2M (SGP.31/32): Entities and their tasks and functions => eIM, SM-DS, eUICC, how to trigger and execute an eSIM-profile switch

Chapter 4: Automotive Use Cases & Introduction to MQTT


  • Operation Modes of the TCU: fully active, half-sleep mode, deep-sleep mode, typical timers and triggers
  • Waking up the TCU: Mobile Terminating SMS and how it may find the TCU, SMS- delivery options with and w/o IP-address, through NAS (EMM/5GMM)
  • OTA (Over The Air): Operation option, tasks and functions, delivery options (binary SMS, USSD, IP)
  • Circuit-Switched eCall: introduction to eCall, differentiation from emergency call and E911, Architecture with IVS, PSAP etc, Minimum Set of Data (MSD) and its content, insertion of MSD into speech, call-back option
  • NGeCall: What is it?, preconditions for NGeCall to be used, execution, presentation and analysis of SIP: INVITE-message with MSD as metadata
  • MQTT in Vehicles and similar Devices: Introduction to MQTT, protocol stack, event management, subscription and publication, MQTT-brokers with example presentation of Mosquitto

  • Only if time and interest:
  • Hands in the Mud => Analysis of internal logfiles: Identification of important AT-commands in real-life logfiles, does the TCU possess an IP-address?, to which network did the TCU register?

v1.1

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